莱姆病是一种由伯氏疏螺旋体复合物（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato）这一类螺旋体所致的蜱传细菌感染，由硬蜱属（Ixodes）蜱类传播[2][3]。该病广泛分布于北半球温带地区，致病螺旋体在蜱媒介与人类宿主之间循环[3][1]。
疾病概览
细菌性莱姆病
Lyme disease
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
莱姆病（莱姆疏螺旋体病）是由伯氏疏螺旋体复合物（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato）引起的蜱传细菌感染，是北美和欧洲最常见的虫媒疾病[1]。其临床表现多样，但病死率低；发病率在多个国家持续上升[2][1]。预防主要依靠防止蜱叮咬，目前尚无供人类使用的人用疫苗[2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
最常见的临床表现为游走性红斑（erythema migrans），可单发或多发，皮损形态可为均匀红斑或呈典型的牛眼样靶形[2][4]。即使未接受抗生素治疗，游走性红斑亦可自行消退，但病原体可播散至皮肤、神经系统、关节和心脏，引发更严重的多系统损害[2][3]。神经系统受累是皮肤之外第二常见的系统表现；心肌炎、葡萄膜炎及炎症性关节炎等系统性并发症相对少见，主要见于未经治疗的患者[3][4]。
莱姆病是北美和欧洲最常见的虫媒传染病，发病率在多个国家持续上升[2][3][1][5]。在欧洲地区，发病高峰通常出现在仲夏至夏末，病例多集中于温带气候的林地地区，英国的病例分布范围正在扩大[3]。在北美东北部等高发地区，人群暴露主要发生在居住地附近的户外环境中，感染率在5至15岁儿童及50岁以上成人中最高[1]。
本病通过硬蜱属（Ixodes）蜱类叮咬传播给人类[3][1]。人类感染风险取决于媒介蜱的分布与密度、影响蜱感染率的生态因素以及促使蜱叮咬的人类行为[1]。
- 1Stanek G et al. Lyme borreliosis. Lancet. 2012 Feb 4. PMID: 21903253. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60103-7.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21903253/
- 2Ross Russell AL et al. Lyme disease: diagnosis and management. Pract Neurol. 2018 Dec. PMID: 30282764. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2018-001998.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30282764/
- 3Mead P et al. Epidemiology of Lyme Disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2022 Sep. PMID: 36116831. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.03.004.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36116831/
- 4Smith RP et al. Lyme Disease. Ann Intern Med. 2025 May. PMID: 40354663. doi: 10.7326/ANNALS-25-01111.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40354663/
- 5Carriveau A et al. Lyme Disease. Nurs Clin North Am. 2019 Jun. PMID: 31027665. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2019.02.003.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31027665/
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Rheumatological manifestations of Lyme disease and related tick-borne diseases in north America.
Current opinion in rheumatology
Impact of Immature Tick Activity Synchrony on Tick Population Dynamics, Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Prevalence, and Spatial Spread of Lyme Disease
International Journal of Biomathematics
Antibodies against tick-borne pathogens in domestic dogs in Norway: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica
Protective Immunity and New Vaccines for Lyme Disease
Clinical Infectious Diseases
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明34
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline
Cyprus
Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline
Denmark
Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Poland Annual Baseline
Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses