新型甲型流感是指由动物源性（如禽源或猪源）新型甲型流感病毒引起的人感染事件，这类病毒在人群中缺乏预存免疫力，可能引发大流行威胁。季节性流感的间歇性流行由甲型和乙型流感病毒引起，但新型流感特指跨越物种屏障、尚未建立稳定人际传播的新亚型病毒感染[1][2]。
疾病概览
人感染新亚型流感
Novel influenza A
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
新型流感大流行发生于新型甲型流感病毒能够有效感染并传播至新的宿主物种时。病毒因素和宿主因素共同决定大流行的出现时机，物种特异性相互作用影响病毒的细胞趋向性，包括结合、进入细胞、在宿主细胞核内复制病毒RNA基因组、组装、成熟和释放病毒。甲型流感病毒拥有庞大且抗原多样的储存宿主库，在野生水鸟中通常呈无症状感染。偶尔可跨越物种屏障并获得人际传播能力，若新病毒积累足够的适应性突变维持人际传播，则可能引发大流行[1][2]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
大多数流感患者表现为突发呼吸道症状和肌痛，可伴或不伴发热，通常在一周内恢复，但部分患者可能出现严重或致命并发症。新型流感病毒感染的临床表现可能因病毒亚型和宿主因素而异，严重程度从轻症呼吸道症状到重症肺炎不等[2]。
季节性流感在全球造成不同程度的疾病负担，2020-21年SARS-CoV-2出现后季节性流感病毒传播显著下降，但2021-22年再度回升。新型甲型流感病毒（尤其是禽源或猪源病毒）引起的散发性人畜共患感染持续构成大流行威胁，确切大流行时机虽不确定，但病毒和宿主因素均在其中发挥作用[2]。
甲型流感病毒的物种特异性相互作用决定了病毒趋向性，包括与宿主细胞结合、进入细胞、在宿主细胞核内复制病毒RNA基因组、组装、成熟并释放病毒至邻近细胞、组织或器官。病毒需在新宿主中获得足够适应性突变才能建立稳定的人际传播，包括增强与人类呼吸道上皮细胞受体的结合能力、适应细胞内复制环境及克服宿主的先天免疫防御[1]。
预防主要依靠每年接种流感疫苗，目前正努力开发有效性更高的新型疫苗。了解禽流感病毒的趋向性对于预防病毒人际传播至关重要，并有助于设计针对该病毒的疫苗、抗病毒药物和治疗性制剂[1][2]。
- 1AbuBakar U et al. Avian Influenza Virus Tropism in Humans. Viruses. 2023 Mar 24. PMID: 37112812. doi: 10.3390/v15040833.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37112812/
- 2Uyeki TM et al. Influenza. Lancet. 2022 Aug 27. PMID: 36030813. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00982-5.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36030813/
- J09
- 1E30.0
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Influenza Activity and Composition of the 2022–23 Influenza Vaccine — United States, 2021–22 Season
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Pandemic Potential of a Strain of Influenza A (H1N1): Early Findings
Science
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明21
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases
New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses