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Disease evidence hub

COVID-19

A curated view of published COVID-19 research, auditable classifier relationships, and the available GIDS surveillance timeline.

Published evidence
329
Diseases
58
Countries
72
Topics
14

Evidence timeline

Surveillance activity and publication volume

Open disease surveillance →
73,096
3
80,654
2
137,735
3
178,627
2
149,624
1
162,255
3
210,772
1
481,540
2
386,812
1
300,336
0
317,735
1
194,979
3
81,535
1
60,751
5
47,792
1
51,155
4
65,074
4
58,429
4
43,659
2
40,088
2
97,484
10
561,120
3
36,379
80
652
8
GIDS reported recordsResearch Radar publications

The two bars use independent scales. Their alignment supports navigation and comparison only; it does not claim that publication activity explains surveillance activity.

Guidance and policy markers identify dated publications in the curated catalogue; they do not by themselves establish that an official policy changed on that date.

Evidence stream

Published literature

329

30 of 329 publications shown

Implications for future pandemics from a living systematic review and critical evaluation of observational studies of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination against the Omicron variant

Fatema Kazi, Chin Yang Shapland, Francesca Spiga +20 more

Vaccine

Type
Systematic review
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThese aggregated results guide international immunization planning and highlight structural improvements needed for future outbreak responses, such as unified research methodologies and integrated health databases.

Timing, Titre, and Host Determinants of Convalescent Plasma Efficacy in COVID-19: A Systematic Review With Design-Stratified Narrative Synthesis.

Kuś A, Makuch S, Dybko J +1 more

Reviews in medical virology

Type
Systematic review
Scope
United States

Why it matters nowClarifying these operational parameters supports more precise therapeutic allocation and establishes a methodological framework for managing future infectious disease crises.

Factors that impact on healthcare workers' adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for COVID-19: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Houghton C, Meskell P, Delaney H +8 more

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Type
Systematic review
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe review offers implications for practice, including communication strategies, training, and supply provision, intended to support policymakers and decision-makers managing IPC during ongoing and future pandemic responses.

2024–2025 BNT162b2 KP.2 COVID-19 full season vaccine effectiveness from vaccine registries linked to administrative claims in two states: A cohort study in non-immunocompromised adults

Tara Ahi, Kathleen M. Andersen, Jazmine S. Mateus +5 more

Vaccine

Type
Cohort study
Scope
United States

Why it matters nowFindings support continued COVID-19 vaccine recommendations, demonstrating protection across the 2024-2025 season for adults including those with underlying medical conditions.

Peer reviewedOpen accessSARSCOVID-19VaccinationTreatment
DOI 10.1002/rmv.70185 ↗

Convalescent Plasma Restores Viral Clearance After Anti-Spike Monoclonal Antibody Failure in Immunocompromised COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data.

Focosi D, Aiello TF, Casadevall A +21 more

Reviews in medical virology

Type
Systematic review
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe findings concern a treatment option for immunocompromised patients with persistent infection after monoclonal antibody failure, but the supplied abstract does not establish comparative effectiveness or causality.

Mixing versus matching booster vaccines: A longitudinal humoral immune kinetics against Omicron in a Malaysian cohort

Ashwathy Varadarajan Thundakattil, Rekha Prabhu, Girish Prabhu +12 more

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Type
Cohort study
Scope
Malaysia

Why it matters nowThe findings offer immunogenicity evidence relevant to booster vaccination strategy decisions during Omicron-era outbreaks, with particular relevance to settings where inactivated virus priming is used.

Beyond Exposure: A Comprehensive Vision for Healthcare Worker Protection.

Del Parco F

La Clinica terapeutica

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe article supports a shift from narrow infection prevention strategies to integrated approaches that address both biological and psychosocial occupational hazards, potentially improving healthcare workforce sustainability and system resilience.

Peer reviewedOpen accessSARSCOVID-19Vaccination
DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.129030 ↗

Effectiveness of Omicron JN.1 vaccination against infection with JN.1-derived SARS-CoV-2 subvariants in a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands

Anne J. Huiberts, Dirk Eggink, Brechje de Gier +7 more

Vaccine

Type
Cohort study
Scope
Netherlands

Why it matters nowThe findings indicate that JN.1 vaccination provided limited additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection during a low-incidence period, with modest effectiveness observed in both age groups. The results contribute to understanding the real-world performance of updated COVID-19 vaccines against emerging subvariants.

The SARS-CoV-2 Integrated Genomic Epidemiology Database (IGED): Linking viral genomes with patient-level metadata to advance statewide genomic surveillance in California

Jesse Elder, Rahil Ryder, Mayuri Panditrao +25 more

PLOS Digital Health

Type
Genomic study
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowCentralizing genomic and clinical data streams allows continuous assessment of viral behavior and transmission networks across a large jurisdiction. The established pipeline offers a replicable template for health departments aiming to strengthen routine variant tracking and resource allocation.

Temporal dynamics, climate associations, and surveillance performance of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 2020–2025: a national longitudinal analysis

Ayokunle John Tadema, Faith Mmesoma Nwosu, Oluwatumilara Ayokunle Abimbola

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Type
Ecological study
Scope
Nigeria

Why it matters nowThe observed decline in diagnostic verification alongside sustained mortality suggests potential gaps in current monitoring frameworks. Recognizing environmental drivers and integrating cross-sectoral health approaches could strengthen future outbreak preparedness and response strategies.

Deconvolving SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Impact on Immunotherapy-Related Survival

Justin Jee, Jiajia Zhang, Jessica A. Lavery +7 more

Cancer Discovery

Type
Journal article
Scope
United States

Why it matters nowWithin the supplied cancer-care cohorts, the findings do not support interpreting peri-treatment SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination as improving immunotherapy-related survival. The abstract describes the observed early-pandemic association as largely attributable to selection bias involving more favorable-prognosis patients.

Recombinant Influenza Vaccine and Influenza Outbreaks in US Nursing Homes: Results from a Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial

Kevin W McConeghy, H Edward Davidson, Lisa Han +4 more

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Type
Journal article
Scope
United States

Why it matters nowThe results suggest that deploying this specific immunization strategy may help curb institutional transmission episodes during years with active seasonal pathogen circulation, thereby potentially reducing operational disruptions within elderly care infrastructure.

Estimation of serial intervals and time-varying reproduction numbers across SARS-CoV-2 variants in childcare clusters: symptom onset vs. reporting dates

Hee Kyoung Kim, Jin Lee, Young-Man Kim +2 more

BMC Infectious Diseases

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe findings suggest that relying on reporting dates in surveillance systems may underestimate real-time transmission intensity and distort epidemic risk assessment in childcare settings, which are high-risk environments for respiratory virus transmission.

Post-Infectious Cerebellitis: A Systematic Review of Aetiology, Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes.

Gowda N, Harish S, Joy J +1 more

Cerebellum (London, England)

Type
Systematic review
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe review maps the clinical spectrum of an immune-mediated post-infectious neurological syndrome across age groups and common viral triggers, which may inform recognition of ataxia syndromes following infection.

Heritable transgenic schistosomes as a living platform for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody secretion

Wannaporn Ittiprasert, Michael J. Smout, Victoria H. Mann +23 more

Nature Communications

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe study demonstrates a potential sustained protein-delivery platform and motivates further exploration of transgenic schistosomes as living-foundry therapeutics.

Impact of COVID-19 on neglected tropical diseases in Zambia: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives

Caitlin Brigid Butala, Jenna Fyfe, Noreen Machila +1 more

Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Type
Commentary
Scope
Zambia, Moldova

Why it matters nowThe results emphasize the importance of predictable domestic funding, robust monitoring systems, and sustainable local partnerships to maintain endemic disease control during systemic crises.

Point prevalence assessments of five respiratory viruses in adults ≥ 50 years of age in Germany by multi-pathogen rapid antigen testing on June 1, 2024, and December 15, 2024.

Anggitakirana M, Nacov JA, Salmanton-García J +10 more

Infection

Type
Journal article
Scope
Germany

Why it matters nowThe authors propose that community-based screening can help identify asymptomatic viral reservoirs and underreported viral circulation, such as adenovirus, linking viral detection to clinical and economic impact.

Peer reviewedOpen accessInfluenzaCOVID-19Surveillance
DOI 10.33321/cdi.2026.50.021 ↗

Report of the National Influenza Surveillance Scheme, 2020–2021

Suzie Whitehead, Jenna Hassall, Lauren Kutzner +2 more

Communicable Diseases Intelligence

Type
Journal article
Scope
Australia

Why it matters nowThe report documents an unprecedented two-year suppression of influenza activity in Australia concurrent with COVID-19 PHSMs, providing a descriptive baseline relevant to understanding how non-pharmaceutical measures and pandemic-era conditions can shape seasonal influenza epidemiology.

Extracellular vesicles in COVID-19 and long COVID: Structural mediators of viral persistence and immune dysfunction.

Fanelli M, Petrone V, Chirico R +2 more

Current opinion in structural biology

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe article may inform research prioritization around extracellular-vesicle characterization, biomarker development, and therapeutic-platform evaluation for COVID-19 and long COVID. The supplied abstract does not establish clinical effectiveness, population-level impact, or readiness for public-health implementation.

Peer reviewedOpen accessCOVID-19SARS
DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-75748-5 ↗

Functional immune changes are conserved in COVID-19 and trauma patients receiving intensive care

Alexander J. T. Wood, Gesa J. Albers, Willem Cornelissen +11 more

Nature Communications

Type
Cohort study
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe demonstration of shared immune alterations across distinct critical illnesses suggests that similar targeted immunomodulation strategies may benefit multiple patient populations in intensive care settings.

Peer reviewedOpen accessCOVID-19Vaccination
DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908452 ↗

Inflammation and iron metabolism dysregulation as hallmarks of COVID-19 severity

Martina Mutoli, Andrea Rampin, Marzia Campanile +10 more

Frontiers in Immunology

Type
Case-control study
Scope
Italy

Why it matters nowThe findings suggest that inflammatory and iron metabolism biomarkers may help stratify COVID-19 severity and identify mechanisms underlying disease progression, including persistent pathology in severe long COVID-19.

Peer reviewedOpen accessSARSCOVID-19Treatment
DOI 10.3390/gastroent17030047 ↗

Severe Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Complicating Perforated Appendicitis: A Case Report and Differential Considerations

Kristina Yotova, Nikolay Balgaranov, Venetsiya Bozhanova +1 more

Gastroenterology Insights

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe authors note severe upper GI bleeding is rare in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection and MIS-C, and that bleeding occurred despite continuous PPI prophylaxis, suggesting consideration of risk-factor-based prophylaxis and monitoring of vitamin K-dependent coagulation in critically ill children on high-dose corticosteroids and prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotics.

BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination Activates Spike-Reactive Regulatory T Cells in Humans.

Shinwari N, Xue X, Lu D +10 more

International immunology

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe findings suggest BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces both effector and regulatory T cell responses to spike antigen, indicating that Treg co-induction may be important for balancing antiviral immunity with immunoregulation during COVID-19 vaccination.

A rapid detection of Nipah virus nucleocapsid antigen in inactivated viral cultures.

Choi G, Kim J, Lee H +15 more

Emerging microbes & infections

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe paper is relevant to outbreak preparedness because it describes a rapid antigen test intended for Nipah virus detection in settings where nucleic-acid testing may be difficult to use. The abstract frames the assay as potentially useful for point-of-care diagnosis in resource-limited contexts.

Peer reviewedPertussisCOVID-19Surveillance
DOI 10.1093/cid/ciag515 ↗

Updated Assessment of the Impact of the Modified Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists Case Definition for Pertussis on Reported Pertussis

Amy B Rubis, Erin Youngkin, Patricia Firmender +6 more

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Type
Journal article
Scope
United States

Why it matters nowThe findings indicate that changes in the pertussis case definition affect interpretation of reported disease trends over time. The abstract describes the 2020 definition change as contributing to the magnitude of the reported 2024 increase.

Wastewater-Based Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Resistance Determinants in Ontario: Towards a Scalable Framework for Population-Level Antiviral Resistance Monitoring

Opeyemi U. Lawal, Valeria R. Parreira, Alyssa K. Overton +8 more

Viruses

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe methodology supports large-scale tracking of pharmaceutical resistance and viral adaptation markers, indicating potential value for expanding community-level monitoring initiatives.

Mapping the Surveillance Data Infrastructure in the U.S. for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Akshay Deverakonda, Emily E. Ricotta, John T. Kubale

Current Epidemiology Reports

Type
Journal article
Scope
United States

Why it matters nowClarifying the scope and availability of these monitoring frameworks may streamline epidemiological investigations and support more effective emergency management strategies.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide: A perspective on Viral-Environmental Interactions

Emmanuel O. Aiyeyun

IPS Journal of Public Health

Type
Commentary
Scope
China

Why it matters nowThe paper calls for stronger emissions controls, cleaner energy policies, and further multidisciplinary research based on its proposed framework. These are recommendations made by the authors and are not independently validated by the supplied evidence.

Peer reviewedOpen accessCOVID-19SARSTreatment
DOI 10.1097/md.0000000000050329 ↗

Familial acute necrotizing encephalopathy temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Ning Zhang, Yipan Fan, Weixing Ge +1 more

Medicine

Type
Journal article
Scope
Not classified

Why it matters nowThe familial clustering suggests that genetic factors beyond RANBP2 may predispose individuals to ANE following COVID-19. Early recognition of neurological deterioration and prompt MRI evaluation may enable timely immunomodulatory treatment.