甲型肝炎是一种由甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）引起的肝脏炎症性传染病[1]。作为病毒性肝炎的一种，甲型肝炎通常因摄入被污染的食物或水而引起[2]。甲型肝炎病毒是该病毒家族中传播途径以粪-口途径为特征的主要病原体之一[3]。
疾病概览
甲型肝炎
Hepatitis A
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
甲型肝炎是由甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）引起的肝脏炎症，主要经由摄入被感染者粪便污染的食物或水传播，与不安全的水和食品、卫生设施不足、个人卫生不良以及口-肛性行为密切相关[1]。与乙型和丙型肝炎不同，甲型肝炎不引起慢性肝病，但可表现为轻度至重度症状，极少数情况下可发展为致死性的暴发性肝炎（急性肝衰竭）[1]。该病全球范围内呈散发和暴发流行，并具有周期性反复出现的趋势[1]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
甲型肝炎的临床特征可轻可重，多数感染（尤其在幼儿中）无明显症状，但也可出现典型的肝炎表现。该病由甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）引起的肝脏炎症，区别于乙型和丙型肝炎的是，它不会导致慢性肝病，但可引起从轻症到重症的一系列症状，且罕见地可引起暴发性肝炎（急性肝衰竭），后者常致命[1]。在临床表现上，感染者可无症状，亦可在肝功能检查中表现为肝细胞损伤的特征性模式，即丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）相对于碱性磷酸酶不成比例地升高，提示存在肝细胞损害。在临床评估中，对甲型肝炎的诊断属于肝细胞损伤评估的重要部分，需结合病毒性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、酒精性肝病、遗传性血色病、自身免疫性肝炎、Wilson病及α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏等病因学进行系统检查，并结合处方及非处方药物使用史进行综合判断。在幼儿中，感染后多无明显症状；而在高流行地区的低收入和中等收入国家，由于卫生条件较差，大多数儿童（90%）在10岁前已经感染过甲型肝炎病毒，且通常无症状[1]。总体而言，甲型肝炎的临床谱系从无症状感染、轻至中度肝炎症状到罕见但严重的暴发性肝炎不等[1]。
2023年估计全球因甲型肝炎死亡35,569人，占病毒性肝炎总死亡人数的2.6%[1]。甲型肝炎在世界各地呈散发和暴发流行，并具有周期性反复出现的趋势；1988年上海与污染食物或水相关的疫情影响了约30万人，显示出食源性暴发的暴发性特征[1]。根据流行水平可将地理区域划分为甲型肝炎病毒感染的高、中、低流行区，在卫生条件较差的中低收入国家，大多数儿童（90%）在10岁前已被感染，但常无症状；在卫生条件良好的高收入国家感染率则较低[1]。
甲型肝炎病毒主要通过粪-口途径传播，当未感染且未接种疫苗者摄入被感染者粪便污染的食物或水时即可发生感染[1]。该病与不安全的水和食品、卫生设施不足、个人卫生不良以及口-肛性行为密切相关[1]。与乙型、丙型和丁型肝炎通常经血液或体液等非肠道接触传播不同，甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎主要因摄入污染的食物或水而感染[2]。
改善环境卫生、保障饮用水安全、保持良好的个人和食品卫生是预防甲型肝炎传播的关键公共卫生措施[1]。接种甲型肝炎疫苗是有效的特异性预防手段，针对甲型、乙型和戊型肝炎已研发出可用疫苗[3]。
- 1World Health Organization. Hepatitis A [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a
- 2World Health Organization. Hepatitis [Internet]. cited 1 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/hepatitis
- 3Odenwald MA et al. Viral hepatitis: Past, present, and future. World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Apr 14. PMID: 35582678. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i14.1405.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35582678/
- B15
- 1E50.0
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Austria
AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
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New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
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Northern Territory, Australia
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Belgium
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Bulgaria
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Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
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Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
Public Health Science Data Center
Anhui, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Anhui, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Beijing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Beijing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Chongqing, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Chongqing, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Fujian, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Fujian, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangdong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangdong, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Gansu, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Gansu, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Guangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Guizhou, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Guizhou, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Henan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Henan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hubei, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hubei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Hebei, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hebei, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Hainan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
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Hainan, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Heilongjiang, China
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Heilongjiang, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Hunan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Hunan, China
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Jilin, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jilin, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangsu, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangsu, China
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Public Health Science Data Center
Jiangxi, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Jiangxi, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Liaoning, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Liaoning, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Inner Mongolia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Inner Mongolia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Ningxia, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Ningxia, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Qinghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Qinghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Sichuan, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Sichuan, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
Public Health Science Data Center
Shandong, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shandong, China
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Shanghai, China
Chinese province-level historical monthly observations; this higher-priority source overlays overlapping official monthly reports.
Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanghai, China
Province-level statutory infectious disease report published by the responsible health authority.
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Shaanxi, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shaanxi, China
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Shanxi, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Shanxi, China
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Tianjin, China
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Tianjin, China
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Xinjiang, China
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Xinjiang, China
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Tibet, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Tibet, China
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Provincial statutory infectious disease monthly report
Zhejiang, China
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France
France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
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Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline
Netherlands
Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
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New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
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Poland
Poland annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
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Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
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Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
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United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses