副伤寒是由沙门氏菌（Salmonella enterica）A、B或C血清型（Paratyphi A、Paratyphi B或Paratyphi C）引起的细菌性感染，属于肠热病（enteric fever）的范畴，在临床表现与伤寒相似但致病菌不同。[1][2]
疾病概览
细菌性副伤寒
Paratyphoid fever
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
副伤寒是一种由沙门氏菌（Salmonella enterica）A、B或C血清型引起的细菌性肠热病，与伤寒临床表现相似但由不同的沙门氏菌血清型引起。[1][2] 该病在全球范围负担沉重，主要影响缺乏安全供水、卫生设施和个人卫生条件的人群，并通过粪口途径传播。[1][2] 预防主要依靠食品安全、水源清洁、良好卫生习惯以及伤寒疫苗的交叉保护作用。[1][2]
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
副伤寒的临床表现与伤寒类似，潜伏期通常为暴露后6至30天，常以数天内逐渐出现的高热为首发症状，伴有乏力、食欲不振和头痛，部分患者可出现皮肤玫瑰疹。[1][2] 在缺乏治疗的情况下，症状可持续数周乃至数月，未发病的带菌者同样能够传播该病，未经治疗的病例在第二周可能出现危及生命的并发症。[1][2]
伤寒和副伤寒在全球范围内仍构成重大公共卫生负担，主要影响亚洲、非洲以及中南美洲欠工业化地区。不安全的饮用水、不充分的污水处理以及洪涝灾害，加之贫困和卫生条件恶劣，是导致疾病在这些地区流行的重要因素，街头小贩售卖的不洁食品以及洪水等家庭外部因素也促进了疾病的人际传播[1]。该病偶尔引发大规模疫情，全球每年大约发生1600万例相关病例，导致约25000人死亡，其中许多病例在亚洲国家感染[1]。
副伤寒主要通过粪口途径传播，即食用或饮用了被感染者粪便污染的食物或水而感染，食品加工人员感染后也可作为传染源。[1][2] 传播风险与缺乏安全供水、卫生设施及不良居住条件密切相关，部分病例也可能经由性接触传播。[1] 人类是该菌唯一的感染宿主。[1]
预防副伤寒的核心策略包括饮用清洁水源、保持良好个人卫生、保障食品安全以及实施有效的污水处理和环境卫生措施。[1] 虽然尚无专门针对副伤寒的疫苗，但伤寒疫苗可提供一定的交叉保护作用，同时伤寒Vi结合疫苗等新型疫苗的推广也有助于降低肠热病的整体负担。[1][2]
- 1Wikipedia contributors. Paratyphoid fever - Wikipedia [Internet]. Wikipedia. cited 4 Sept 2026.Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratyphoid_fever
- 2Kuehn R et al. Enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever. Lancet. 2025 Sep 20. PMID: 40914181. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01335-2.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40914181/
- A01.1-A01.4
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官方数据来源机构、频率与说明22
Australia NINDSS
Australia
Australian national notifiable diseases surveillance dashboard.
Australia NINDSS — Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Australian Capital Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — New South Wales
New South Wales, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for New South Wales, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Northern Territory
Northern Territory, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Northern Territory, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Queensland
Queensland, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Queensland, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — South Australia
South Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for South Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Tasmania
Tasmania, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Tasmania, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Victoria
Victoria, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Victoria, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Australia NINDSS — Western Australia
Western Australia, Australia
Australian NINDSS monthly state/territory notifications for Western Australia, kept separate from the Australia national aggregate.
Canada PHAC CNDSS Annual
Canada
Canada is the national jurisdiction; subdivision feeds are registered separately.
Public Health Ontario IDTO Monthly
Ontario, Canada
Ontario-level current-year preliminary monthly case counts from Public Health Ontario's IDTO report.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
New Zealand PHF Science Monthly Notifiable Diseases
New Zealand
PHF Science (formerly ESR) monthly notifiable disease surveillance data via internal globalID2 crawler
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses