寨卡病毒是一种属于黄病毒科（Flaviviridae）的蚊媒病毒，最早于1947年在乌干达从恒河猴中分离，随后在非洲和亚洲引起散在人类感染[2][5]。该病毒主要通过伊蚊属蚊虫叮咬传播，也可经由母婴垂直传播、性接触、实验室暴露以及血液和血制品输注等非蚊媒途径传播[1][2]。
疾病概览
寨卡病毒病
Zika virus disease
有证据支持的资料英文 5/7 个适用章节 · 中文 5/7 个适用章节更新于 2026年9月3日
寨卡病毒病是由寨卡病毒引起的一种蚊媒传染病，主要通过伊蚊属（尤其是埃及伊蚊）叮咬传播，在热带和亚热带地区呈地方性流行[1][2]。多数感染者无症状或仅有轻微症状，但孕期感染可导致新生儿小头症及其他先天性畸形（统称为先天性寨卡综合征），成人感染还与格林-巴利综合征发病增加相关[1][2][3]。自2015年在巴西暴发大规模疫情后，全球报告病例自2017年起显著下降，但寨卡病毒仍在美洲及其他流行区以低水平持续传播，且仍可在新地区引发局部暴发[1][2][4]。
阅读完整临床与流行病学资料6
大多数寨卡病毒感染者不出现明显症状；在发病者中，潜伏期估计为3–14天，常见症状包括皮疹、发热、结膜炎、肌肉和关节疼痛、不适和头痛，通常持续2–7天[1]。孕期感染寨卡病毒可导致婴儿先天性寨卡综合征，表现为小头症、四肢挛缩、肌张力增高、眼部异常和听力损失，并可引起胎儿丢失、死产和早产等不良结局[2]。成人感染还与格林-巴利综合征发病率升高相关[2][3]。实验室确诊需通过RT-PCR检测病毒RNA或IgM抗体检测，并需与其他黄病毒（如登革病毒）进行鉴别[2]。
寨卡病毒于1947年首次在乌干达被发现，20世纪60至80年代在非洲和亚洲报告散在病例[2]。自2007年起，非洲、美洲、亚洲和太平洋地区相继记录到寨卡病毒病暴发；2015年巴西发生大规模疫情，引发美洲广泛传播[2]。2016年2月至11月，世卫组织就小头症、其他神经系统疾病与寨卡病毒宣布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件[1][2]。自2017年起全球报告病例明显下降，但美洲多个国家及其他流行区仍存在低水平传播，2019年欧洲首次报告本地蚊媒传播病例[1][2]。
寨卡病毒主要经由热带和亚热带地区的伊蚊属（以埃及伊蚊为主）叮咬传播，这些蚊虫白天活动，清晨和傍晚为叮咬高峰[1]。除蚊媒传播外，寨卡病毒还可通过母婴（孕期）、性接触、实验室暴露以及血液和血制品输注传播，器官移植也被认为是潜在的传播途径[1][2]。伊蚊同时也是登革病毒、基孔肯雅病毒以及城市型黄热病毒的传播媒介[1]。
由于目前尚无获批的寨卡病毒疫苗或特效治疗，预防策略主要侧重于避免蚊虫叮咬[1][3]。防控措施包括防蚊（使用驱蚊剂、穿长袖衣物、使用蚊帐）、消除蚊虫孳生地以及在流行地区提供防护指导[1][3]。安全性行为（如使用避孕套）也被建议用于预防可能的性传播，尤其针对从流行地区返回的男性及其伴侣[1]。多种寨卡疫苗仍处于不同临床研发阶段，但3期试验尚需等待下一次流行才能推进[4]。
- 1World Health Organization. Zika virus [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/zika-virus
- 2Giraldo MI et al. Pathogenesis of Zika Virus Infection. Annu Rev Pathol. 2023 Jan 24. PMID: 36151059. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-034739.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36151059/
- 3Plourde AR et al. A Literature Review of Zika Virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jul. PMID: 27070380. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.151990.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27070380/
- 4World Health Organization. Zika virus disease [Internet]. cited 3 Sept 2026.Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/zika-virus-disease
- 5de Jong HK et al. Zika virus: an overview update. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2025 May 1. PMID: 40048580. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000926.PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048580/
- A92.5
- 1D47
数据覆盖
报告国家和地区
各报告国家的趋势
月度变化趋势
研究雷达
近期相关研究
Zika Virus and Birth Defects--Reviewing the Evidence for Causality.
The New England journal of medicine
文献链接仅用于发现研究，不会改变或验证上方的监测序列。
数据获取
本页面数据索引，含来源链接和更新信息。
官方数据来源机构、频率与说明45
Austria AGES Radar for Infectious Diseases
Austria
AGES Radar monthly national source. Internal ingestion retains native categories; public release is disabled pending licence review.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Belgium Annual Baseline
Belgium
Belgium annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Brazil DATASUS SINAN
Brazil
Brazil Ministry of Health DATASUS/SINAN public DBC microdata aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
Switzerland FOPH IDD
Switzerland
Switzerland FOPH/BAG IDD mandatory reporting API normalized to national case rows. Monthly series may use the dashboard CHFL aggregate where CH-only monthly series are not exposed.
China CDC Weekly
China
Monthly notifiable infectious disease reports published by China CDC.
National Disease Control and Prevention Administration
China
Official China public health bulletin and query portal.
PubMed
China
Biomedical literature discovery feed used as supplementary context.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Cyprus Annual Baseline
Cyprus
Cyprus annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Czechia Annual Baseline
Czechia
Czechia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Germany RKI SurvStat 2.0
Germany
RKI SurvStat national weekly notification export; raw ZIP exports are retained and recent weeks are overwritten for revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Denmark Annual Baseline
Denmark
Denmark annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Estonia Annual Baseline
Estonia
Estonia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Spain Annual Baseline
Spain
Spain annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register
Finland
Finland THL Infectious Diseases Register national monthly case counts. The current month is ingested as provisional and the latest three months are refreshed for source revisions.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — France Annual Baseline
France
France annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — United Kingdom Annual Baseline
United Kingdom
United Kingdom annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Greece Annual Baseline
Greece
Greece annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Hong Kong, China CHP Notifiable Diseases
Hong Kong, China
Hong Kong, China CHP annual notifiable infectious disease CSVs normalized to national monthly totals
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Croatia Annual Baseline
Croatia
Croatia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Hungary Annual Baseline
Hungary
Hungary annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Ireland HPSC Notifiable Diseases Hub
Ireland
Ireland HPSC national weekly notifiable-disease totals from the official ArcGIS FeatureServer. Internal ingestion is enabled; public release remains disabled pending written redistribution permission.
冰岛卫生署年度传染病看板
Iceland
冰岛全国分病种年度病例通报；历史值可能追溯修订，并保持年度总量口径。
冰岛卫生署性病监测看板
Iceland
实验室与登记监测的月度性病诊断事实；官方看板按季度发布。
冰岛卫生署呼吸道感染周度看板
Iceland
按 ISO 周记录的呼吸道疾病诊断数；住院、样本和疫苗指标不计入诊断数。
冰岛卫生署历史传染病登记
Iceland
1997—2021 年官方历史登记表，年度与月度事实按原始粒度保留。
冰岛卫生署历史 ICD 临床月报
Iceland
Saga 电子病历 ICD 就诊数；与登记通报不可比并保持独立。
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Italy Annual Baseline
Italy
Italy annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
日本 NIID/JIHS 周报
Japan
日本 NIID/JIHS 周度传染病监测数据。
Korea KDCA EID
South Korea
Korea KDCA notifiable infectious disease OpenAPI or portal/KOSIS downloads aggregated to national monthly notification counts.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Liechtenstein Annual Baseline
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Lithuania Annual Baseline
Lithuania
Lithuania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Luxembourg Annual Baseline
Luxembourg
Luxembourg annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Latvia Annual Baseline
Latvia
Latvia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Malta Annual Baseline
Malta
Malta annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Netherlands Annual Baseline
Netherlands
Netherlands annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Norway FHI MSIS Statistics Bank
Norway
Norway FHI MSIS national monthly notifications from the official Allvis frontend API; adapter contract checks guard the unversioned endpoint.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Portugal Annual Baseline
Portugal
Portugal annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Romania Annual Baseline
Romania
Romania annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Sweden Public Health Agency SmiNet
Sweden
Sweden SmiNet national monthly reported cases from the official Public Health Agency statistics pages; public release is enabled with closed-month publication and revisable recent-month refreshes.
Singapore CDA Weekly Infectious Diseases Bulletin
Singapore
Singapore national weekly case notifications, combining the official data.gov.sg 2012–2022 CSV history with CDA annual workbooks from 2023 onward; 2023 weekly PDFs are retained as a source fallback.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovenia Annual Baseline
Slovenia
Slovenia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
ECDC Surveillance Atlas — Slovakia Annual Baseline
Slovakia
Slovakia annual Member-State reported case counts from the ECDC Surveillance Atlas. Missing topic/year cells remain unknown and published zeroes are preserved. Data provided by ECDC based on data reported by EU/EEA Member States.
Taiwan, China CDC NIDSS
Taiwan, China
Taiwan, China monthly notifiable infectious disease open-data CSV feed.
US CDC NNDSS
United States
CDC National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System provisional data.
US CDC NHSS HIV
United States
CDC NNDSS weekly data plus NHSS annual national HIV diagnoses